叙事中虚构人物的意识——马可·卡拉乔洛的意识生成论

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

马可·卡拉乔洛通过虚构人物探索读者是如何将意识归在人物身上，继而生成人物意识，这源于他意识到此前的研究未能真正揭示读者为何以及如何将意识归在虚构人物身上，并由此生成虚构人物的意识。卡拉乔洛据此建构意识生成论：首先，意识生成的基础是意识归因，意识归因是意识生成的必要条件；其次，意识生成有其诱因，诱因是作者使用的文本提示和叙事技巧，小到词汇的挑选，大到整个文本的设计；最后，意识生成得益于读者具有心智模拟的能力，也就是读者能将自己在真实生活中移情于他人的能力运用到阅读中，将自身的情感体验投射至人物身上。卡拉乔洛的意识生成论立足真实读者，基于读者反应，围绕虚构人物的意识展开，将认知前景化，是他认知叙事学研究道路上一次有益的理论建构和实践操作。

关键词: 马可·卡拉乔洛, 虚构人物, 意识生成, 意识归因, 认知叙事学

Abstract:

Through fictional characters, Marco Caracciolo explores how readers attribute consciousness to characters and subsequently enact their consciousness. This exploration stems from his realization that previous studies failed to reveal why and how readers attribute consciousness to fictional characters and thus enact their consciousness. Based on this, Caracciolo constructs his arguments on consciousness-enactment: first, the foundation of consciousness-enactment is consciousness-attribution, which serves as a necessary condition; second, there are triggers for consciousness-enactment, which are textual cues and narrative techniques employed by authors, ranging from word choice to overall textual design; finally, consciousness-enactment benefits from readers' ability for mental simulation, meaning readers can apply their ability to empathize with others in real life to reading, projecting their emotional experiences onto characters. Caracciolo's arguments on consciousness-enactment are grounded in real readers, based on reader response, centered on fictional characters' consciousness and foreground cognition, representing a beneficial theoretical construction and practical operation in his cognitive narratological research.

Key words: Marco Caracciolo, fictional characters, consciousness-enactment, consciousness-attribution, cognitive narratology

宋杰. 叙事中虚构人物的意识——马可·卡拉乔洛的意识生成论[J]. 上海视觉, 2025, 0(2): 129-136.

SONG JIE. Consciousness of Fictional Characters in Narrative: Marco Caracciolo’s Arguments on Consciousness-Enactment[J]. SHANGHAI VISION, 2025, 0(2): 129-136.

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